Integrasi Multi-Omics untuk Identifikasi Mekanisme Ketahanan Spodoptera Frugiperda dan Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Tropis pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.)

Ahmad Faris Al Mubarok; Muhammad Irhas Fatahillah

doi:10.31004/green.v4i4.990

Authors

Ahmad Faris Al Mubarok Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Muhammad Irhas Fatahillah Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/green.v4i4.990

Keywords:

Fall armyworm, Plasma nutfah tropis, Resistensi jagung, Seleksi genomic, Zea mays

Abstract

Jagung, sebagai komoditas pangan global, menghadapi ancaman serius terhadap produktivitasnya akibat serangan Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW), hama invasif yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi hingga USD 9,4 miliar per tahun. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis arsitektur genetik resistensi FAW dan mengevaluasi potensi plasma nutfah tropis dalam pengembangan varietas jagung tahan FAW dengan memanfaatkan teknologi genomik terkini. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka terhadap jurnal internasional yang diterbitkan antara 2015 hingga 2025. Gap penelitian yang ditemukan mencakup keterbatasan integrasi antara temuan genomik dan pengembangan varietas komersial dan dominasi studi pada plasma nutfah subtropis. Keunikan tinjauan ini terletak pada sintesis integratif yang pertama kali menggabungkan analisis multi-omics (GWAS, pemetaan QTL, transcriptomics, metabolomics) dengan karakterisasi komprehensif plasma nutfah tropis untuk resistensi FAW. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan identifikasi 21 loci SNP dan QTL mayor pada bin 4.06 dan 9.03 yang menjelaskan 35,7% variasi resistensi, dengan kandidat gen ZmCCR, ZmWAK, ZmPR, serta metabolit kunci seperti benzoxazinoids dan fenolik (r = -0,78 hingga -0,82). Genotipe unggul dari plasma nutfah tropis seperti CML 72, CML 141, CML312, dan CML567 menunjukkan resistensi tinggi dengan sifat morfo-biokimia optimal. Integrasi teknologi CRISPR/Cas9, RNAi, seleksi genomik (akurasi 0,72-0,85), dan doubled haploid yang menyediakan kerangka untuk pengembangan varietas jagung adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim.

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